The The Psychological Landscape of the Seminary Formation: An Exploration on the Mental Health Vulnerabilities of the Seminarians
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcet.v4i3.159Keywords:
Seminary Formation, Psychological Well-Being, Mental Health, Seminarians, Mental Health VulnerabilitiesAbstract
Seminary formation is a complex journey that shapes not only spiritual and pastoral development but also deeply affects the emotional and psychological well-being of those in training. Despite this, conversations and interventions around mental health within the seminary context remain limited, often overshadowed by academic and spiritual priorities. Using carefully selected psychological tools and involving all college seminarians, the study gathered data on the mental health vulnerabilities of seminarians. The results highlight the emotional struggles and high risk for depression among seminarians, compounded by low levels of mental health literacy and limited intention to seek help. These findings emphasize the importance of creating supportive formation environments that foster emotional openness and identity development. The results suggest that seminary formation could consider the psychological vulnerabilities of seminarians to ensure a more balanced and human-centered approach to their overall development.
References
Amadasu, I. (2021). Promoting A Seminary Formation that is Continuous with the Priestly Ministry. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Seminary of All Saints, Uhiele-Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria, EKPOMA Review, 207-218.
Blea, J. (2022). The Experience of Shame in Seminary Students: A Phenomenological Exploration [Doctoral dissertation, Biola University]. Biola University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 29067728.
Captari, L. E., Tomlinson, J., Sandage, S. J., & Oleson, D. A. (2021). Humility in seminary student formation: a mixed method community action study. Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care, 14(2), 211-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/19397909211040515.
Carnes, A. G. (2024). Healing Inside Out: The Church and Mental Health [Doctoral dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary]. Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Psychology ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 31234845.
Cruse, K. J. M. (2025). A Safe Space: A Theological Prayer-Based Curriculum, Teaching Faith Leaders How to Address the Stigma Associated with Mental Health, Within the Black Church [Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Union University]. Virginia Union University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 31938863.
Daboh, H. T. (2020). The Evolution of Seminary Formation from the Apostolic Era to the Council of Trent: A Critical Appraisal. JORAS-Nigerian Journal of Religion and Society, 10, 137-156.
Daling, K. (2024). Philosophical Analysis of Sincerity and Openness in the Perspective of Ludwig Wittgenstein [Unpublished undergraduate thesis]. San Isidro College.
Duggan, B. (2020). Program Evaluation of the Human Formation Program of St. John Vianney Seminary [Doctoral dissertation, Divine Mercy University]. The Institute for the Psychological Sciences. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 27997996.
Evans, P. (2024). The African American Mental Health Dilemma: A Phenomenological Case Study on How Christian Clergy are Bridging the Gap [Doctoral dissertation, Liberty University]. Doctoral Dissertations and Projects. 5690. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/5690.
Fernandez, C. K. (2024). Philosophical Analysis of Free Will and Determinism in the Seminary Context: Insight from BF Skinner, Viktor Frankl, and Jordan Peterson [Unpublished undergraduate thesis]. San Isidro College.
Hammer, J. H., & Parent, M. C., & Spiker, D. A. (2018). Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS): Development, reliability, validity, and comparison with the ATSSPH-SF and IASMHS-PO. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65, 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000248.
Hammer, J. H., & Spiker, D. A. (2018). Dimensionality, reliability, and predictive evidence of validity for three help-seeking intention instruments: ISCI, GHSQ, and MHSIS. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(3), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000256.
Harty, K., & Sweeney, S. (2023). The Changing Stages of Priestly Formation in Seminaries. Atla Summary of Proceedings, 185-196. https://doi.org/10.31046/proceedings.2023.3374.
Julia, N. H. (2025). The Holy Spirit and Priestly Vocation: A Pneumatological Reading of the Norms on Roman Catholic Seminary Formation. Pneuma, 47(1), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700747-bja10133.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995a). Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-42) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t39835-000.
Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995b). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd. Ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
Lumpkins, T. K. F. (2022). Religious influence: A study of mental health help-seeking attitudes of southern African American male pastors [Doctoral dissertation, Capella University]. Capella University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 29207755.
McCormack, E. J. (2020). A Guide to Formation Advising for Seminary Faculty: Accompaniment, Participation, and Evaluation. Catholic University of America Press.
McGlone, G., & Sperry, L. (2020). Psychological evaluation of Catholic seminary candidates: Strengths, shortcomings, and an innovative plan. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 7(4), 262–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000240.
McShane, C. (2024). Toward a More Human Seminary Family and Community: Ways Psychology Can Better Support Seminarians and Formators Through Attachment Theory. Integratus, 2(4), 346-370. https://doi.org/10.1521/intg.2024.2.4.346.
Mercadal, T. (2019). Identity Formation. Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO). https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/psychology/identity-formation.
Nganyu, G. N., & Ojuade, S. (2022). Perspective study of seminarians and clergies on integration of pastoral counselling ministry and clinical psychology in meeting mental health needs of Church members: A web-based survey. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 10(4), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7261118.
Olvera, B. B. (2024). Seminary’s Silent Struggle: A Quantitative Analysis of the Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms among Seminarians [Master's thesis, Duke University]. Duke University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 30995813.
Omair, A. (2025). Sample size estimation and sampling techniques for selecting a representative sample. Journal of Health Specialties, 2(4), 142-147. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-600X.142783.
Porter, S. L., Sandage, S. J., Wang, D. C., & Hill, P. C. (2019). Measuring the spiritual, character, and moral formation of seminarians: In search of a meta-theory of spiritual change. Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care, 12(1), 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/193979091879748.
Rice, S. M., Fallon, B. J., Aucote, H. M., Möller-Leimkühler, A., Treeby, M. S., & Amminger, G. P. (2015). Longitudinal sex differences of externalising and internalising depression symptom trajectories: Implications for assessment of depression in men from an online study. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61(3), 236–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076401454014.
Riddick, A. (2024). The Impact of a Church-Based Psychoeducational Intervention on the Mental Health Awareness, Mental Health Stigma, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Older African American Adults [Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology]. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 31294493.
Siddique, M.A.B., Ovi, M.R., Ahammed, T., Chowdhury, M.A.B., Uddin, M.J. (2022). Mental health knowledge and awareness among university students in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 8, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11084.
Sumampong, J. G. S., Omega, G. R., & Arpilleda, A. J. (2024). The Effectiveness of Human Formation of Maradjao Magbalantay College Seminary as Perceived by the Seminarians. European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning, 2(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejceel.2024.2(1).02.
Taja-on, E. P., & Vergara, F. A. (2025). The advocacy blueprint: A Delphi study on promoting and strengthening mental health programs and services in higher education. Educational Point, 2(1), e112. https://doi.org/10.71176/edup/15991.
Tillett, L. M. (2021). Spiritual Disciplines and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Evangelical Seminary Students. Regent University [Doctoral dissertation, Regent University]. Regent University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 28719992.
Vergara, F. A., Daling, K. G., & Taja-on, E. P. (2025). Beyond Jocularity: Exploring the Role of Community in Supporting Mental Health and Personal Development Among Male Students. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 17(2), 198-227. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjfy30130.
Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Evan P. Taja-on

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.