Efforts Achieve 30 Percent Women's Representation in Parliament in the Perspective of Christian Religious Education

Irene Laura Simanjuntak; Rependi Sianturi; Hotmauli Sihotang

doi:10.55927/ijcet.v4i4.286

Authors

Irene Laura Simanjuntak Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Rependi Sianturi Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Hotmauli Sihotang Universitas Kristen Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcet.v4i4.286

Keywords:

Christian Religious Education, Women's Political Participation, Gender Equality, Egalitarian Theology, Parliamentary Representation

Abstract

This study builds on previous in-depth studies, such as the integration of Christian Religious Education (CRE) with political advocacy in the Indonesian context, as well as empirical projections based on current academic data and highlighting the potential of education as a tool for political transformation for gender equality. The study aims to analyze how CRE can increase Christian women's political participation, with the target of achieving 30% representation in the Indonesian parliament, through emphasizing biblical equality and developing non-doctrinal character traits such as empathy and social responsibility. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used, including analysis of theological literature (e.g., John Piper's book and Mary Stewart Van Leeuwen's article), empirical data from LIPI's research (2021), and case studies of progressive churches and NGO collaborations such as the Wahid Foundation.

References

Barton, G. (2002). Gus Dur: The Authorized Biography of Abdurrahman Wahid. Equinox Publishing.

Darmaputera, E. (2005). Perempuan dan Politik: Perspektif Kristen. BPK Gunung Mulia.

Fiorenza, E. S. (1983). In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. Crossroad.

Jelen, T. G. (2009). Religion and Politics in the United States. In Politics and Religion, 2(1), 1-20.

LIPI. (2021). Studi tentang Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Politik di Indonesia. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (Mei 2025), Pelaksanaan dan Pengabaian Syarat 30% Keterwakilan Perempuan Bagi Parpol dalam Pemilu 2024.

Maniagasi, A. E. (2015). Gereja dan Politik. BPK Gunung Mulia.

Schüssler Fiorenza, E. (1983). In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins. Crossroad Publishing.

Smith, D. I. (2010). On Christian Faith and Liberal Democracy. In International Journal of Christianity & Education, 14(1), 5-19.

Smith, David (2015) Journal of Research on Christian Education .

Smith, David (Routledge, 2018) Measuring the Impact of Religious Education.

Suryani, L. (2018). Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Politik. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 5(2), 45-60.

UNDP. (2019). Human Development Report 2019: Beyond Income, Beyond Averages, Beyond Today: Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century. United Nations Development Programme.

UNESCO. (2020). Global Education Monitoring Report 2020: Inclusion and Education: All Means All. UNESCO.

Van der Brakel, J., & Visser, M. (2018). Gender Quotas in Political Parties: The Case of the Christian Democratic Party in Germany. European Journal of Political Research, 57(3), 567-589.

Van Drunen, David, Luther's Two Kingdoms Doctrine and Its Relevance for Christian Political Engagement (jurnal Journal of Christian Legal Thought, 2011).