Investigation of Factors Influencing Building Damage Due to Salt Attacks in the Tsunami-Affected Area of Banda Aceh City

Syahrul Ikhsan; Ella Meilianda; Eldina Fatimah

doi:10.55927/fjst.v4i11.295

Authors

Syahrul Ikhsan Universitas Syiah Kuala
Ella Meilianda Universitas Syiah Kuala
Eldina Fatimah Universitas Syiah Kuala

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v4i11.295

Keywords:

Salt attack, Soil Salinity, Topographic Wetness Index, Building Damage, Aceh Tsunami

Abstract

Salt attack is damage to building materials due to salt crystallization in pores, triggered by saltwater capillarity. In Banda Aceh, this risk increased after the 2004 tsunami. This study maps the distribution of salt attacks while assessing factors related to their intensity through the integration of field surveys, spatial analysis, and statistical analysis. The sample included 76 buildings showing symptoms of Salt attack. Descriptively, the height of the salt attack is in the range of 39–330 cm (average ±117.5 cm), the soil salinity level is 30–7420 ppm (median 366 ppm), while the TWI is generally moderate and the elevation is relatively low in the affected area. Because the data were abnormal, Spearman's correlation was used: high salt attack was positively and significantly associated with building age (ρ=0.338; p=0.003) and soil salinity (ρ=0.340; p=0.003). Other variables—TWI, elevation, coastal distance, drainage distance—were not significant at the level of the test used. Spatially, cases tend to be concentrated in tsunami-affected zones with lower elevations. The results of this study show that the age of buildings and soil salinity appear to be the most consistent factors related to the increase in salt attack height, while emphasizing the importance of moisture-salinity management and drainage improvement as mitigation directions in coastal areas.

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